various commentators could stand some re-examination. It has been conceded that Rom 10:16; 11:23, 30; cf. 10:21; 15:31 are to be understood in terms of an equivalence between disobedience and unbelief (cf. again John 3:36; Heb 3:18–19). In this regard Cranfield is justified in writing: “The obedience which God requires is faith. To obey the gospel is to believe it and to believe in Him who is its content; and to believe the gospel and believe in Christ involves obeying it, obeying him.”56 Israel’s